Vol 14, No 2 (2021)

Editorials

JOURNAL "MEDICAL LAW" TURNS 25

Petrov V.I.

Abstract

It is 25 years since the first issue of the journal "Medical Law" was published and its 100th issue is be-ing published! This is a unique event in the intellectual life of modern Russia which has a special significance due to the special situation in modern medicine and health care.

Bioethics journal. 2021;14(2):3-4
pages 3-4 views

Theoretical bioethics

CONTENT ANALYSIS OF TYPES OF RATIONALITY IN THE CONCEPTS OF MEDICINE OF THE FUTURE

Serova I.A., Yagodina A.U., Abramenko V.I.

Abstract

Abstract. In this article content analysis is used to examine medical students' views on the standards of rationality in medicine of the past, present, and future. The study involved 229 residents of 32 specialties. A quantitative analysis of keywords in views of the future of medicine revealed indicators of all types of rationality. Postmodern ideals of superhealth and immortality became trends in medical futurology even though a tenth of respondents considered them illusory. Young doctors placed the basic tenet of the Hippocratic Oath, "Healing," back among the top keywords for medicine of the future. Faith, authority, dialogue, consent, and self-treatment have lost much of their appeal.

Bioethics journal. 2021;14(2):5-9
pages 5-9 views

ETHICS OF DECISION MAKING IN MEDICINE IN THE ERA OF TECHNICAL REVOLUTION

Sedova N.N., Guba T.I.

Abstract

Abstract. Which way do world outlooks, scientific findings and empiric evaluations correlate with each other in decision making in medicine? The answer to this question is given in the scientific context. There is a theory of decision making which is in demand by medical professionals, though not enough yet [1, 2]. So, what is the theory of decision making and to what extent its advancement may be applied to medicine with growing contradictions of technological revolution and human bioevolution? The choice of tactics in a patient’s management does not depend exclusively on clinical decisions. A doctor’s moral stand plays a significant role in decision making in medicine. This article deals with some factors that have effect on this stand. The role of ethical expert examination is substantiated. It is particularly important due to implementation of «human enhancement» technologies in medical practice. Decision making is always associated with a choice of options. Moral considerations are a key point that must influence this choice under uncertain predictions concerning application of new biotechnologies.

Bioethics journal. 2021;14(2):10-16
pages 10-16 views

CORONAVIRUS AND VACCINATION: MEDICAL, BIOETHICAL AND CONFESSIONAL DIMENSIONS

Kafarov T.

Abstract

This article discusses some controversial issues at the intersection of medicine, biology, philosophy, theology, religious studies and bioethics that have arisen in connection with the coronavirus and vaccination of the population, which are solved differently from the positions of different worldviews and faiths. It shows some of the costs of adapting religious denominations to the regulation of life in all spheres during the coronavirus period. It is proved that one of the reasons for the rapid spread of the virus is some actions of churches, mosques and synagogues in the direction of ensuring effective self-isolation and social distancing. It proves the undesirability and harmfulness of some public discussions about the strategy and tactics of line in a pandemic situation: the infectious safety of the rites of communion, baptism, etc.; the halal nature of antiviral drugs; the legality of the use of drugs that affect the individual’s DNA; the admissibility of drugs made from abortive and other human materials

Bioethics journal. 2021;14(2):17-21
pages 17-21 views

THE NEW MODEL OF VALUE ATTITUDE TOWARDS LIFE. HOSPICES AND RELAXING MEDICINE

Davtyan S.A., Davtyan S.A.

Abstract

Abstract. This article discusses some of the philosophical issues of life and health related to hospice movement and palliative, palliative medicine. Bioethics promotes the formation of new values in social and national consciousness, it stimulates significantly the humanization of natural and social sciences, new technologies, medicine and health care, make a transition between the natural, medical, social and humanitarian knowledge, as well as to establish balance between science and morality. Bioethics as a special form of practical philosophy of life teaches that human inter-relation with his own life, the whole biosphere is not only contemplative, theoretical and emotionless, but, being a practical relation, it constantly involves a certain assessment. The philosophical analysis of the problem of euthanasia has shown that the philosophical mind of the 20–21st centuries doesn’t view death as an alien to human existence, but as an existential component of life itself. Not only the problems of life-death bordering situations are implemented philosophically, but also the existential bases of human life i.e. freedom and responsibility. Today the idea of a human’s dignified death is discussed in two directions: as an euthanasia issue and the problem of hospices. In the article an attempt was to give the palliative medicine a philosophical interpretation, the roots of which can be found the Medieval culture. On the base of the formation and development of bioethics in article is substantiated the position according to which the imperative of the contemporary human existence demands a qualitatively new approach to current complicated, global and various issues.

Bioethics journal. 2021;14(2):22-25
pages 22-25 views

Practical bioethics

GOVERNING THE TEACHING HOSPITALS IN MALAYSIA: LEGAL ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

Azmi I.I., Ahmad N., Aziz N.A., Ibrahim I., Malek M.

Abstract

Abstract. Hospital, is an institution that is built, staffed, and equipped for the diagnosis of diseases; for the treatment, both medical and surgical, of the sick and the injured; and for their housing during this process. Generally, hospitals in Malaysia are being categorized into two categories which are: public and private. Another type of hospital that serves as a centre for investigation and teaching is known as a teaching hospital. It provides clinical education and training for future and current doctors, nurses, and other health professionals, in addition to delivering medical care to patients. Some teaching hospitals also have a commitment to research and are centres for experimental, innovative and technically sophisticated services. Despite its important roles, there is no specific legislation to govern the teaching hospital in Malaysia. This situation leads to uncertainties in some crucial areas of the governance.

Therefore, this study aims to explore the legal issues and challenges with regard to the teaching hospital’s governance in Malaysia. A thorough doctrinal analysis is being conducted to examine the loopholes of the current legal position. The findings will be used to propose some recommendations for the improvement of the governance of the teaching hospitals in Malaysia.

Bioethics journal. 2021;14(2):26-32
pages 26-32 views

ETHICAL EXAMINATION OF SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS IN MEDICINE: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE AND RUSSIAN PRACTICE

Alshuk N.A., Kostenko S.A., Golitsyna O.Y.

Abstract

Abstract. Currently, much attention is paid to the correct presentation of the results of. This is not surprising, since international standards used for assessing the effectiveness of scientific clinical and pre-clinical studies in scientific publications activities are based on citation rates and the number of publications in peer-reviewed journals. This tradition originated in the UK and is the result of a struggle for grants in the scientific community. The Hirsch index (individual authors) type of assessment and the impact factor (journals) made it possible to quantitatively compare papers without referring to their content. The assessment of the latter was accomplished by editors of the journals, and it was assumed that it was objective. This method was consistent with the digitalization process, but it has not yet received an ethical assessment. This is happening not only because there is a fairly wide range of opinions on this issue in the scientific community [1], but also because moral plots are generally not referred to digital processes.

Bioethics journal. 2021;14(2):33-38
pages 33-38 views

REGIONAL OPPORTUNITIES AND ETHICAL RISKS OF MEDICAL TOURISM (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE VOLGOGRAD REGION)

Shchekin G.Y., Reimer M.V., Ivanov K.V.

Abstract

Abstract. The article examines medical tourism as a promising area of modern health care within the framework of the federal project "Development of the export of medical services", part of the national project "Health". The authors examine the possibilities of regional health care within the framework of the project "Development of medical services export in the Volgograd region". The data on the number and geography of visitors, financial revenues to the regional budget for the ensuring, paid medical services are presented. The risks of regional health care that hinder the development of medical tourism are described and the ways to avoid them are indicated. At the present stage of the development of Russian healthcare, the provision of medical tourism services is not legally formalized, so more attention should be paid to ethical regulation in this area.

Bioethics journal. 2021;14(2):39-42
pages 39-42 views

Applied Bioethics

CYNICISM AS A MANIFESTATION OF PROFESSIONAL DEFORMATION OF THE DOCTOR'S PERSONALITY

Svetlichnaya T.G., Dernova A.S., Kosolapova M.A.

Abstract

Abstract. The article is devoted to the actual problem of the professional deformation of the doctor's personality. In the aggregate of the negative characteristics of the emotional burnout of doctors, one of the most destructive is cynicism, manifested in a disdain for cultural values and generally accepted norms of morality and ethics. The aim of the work was to comprehend the nature of the socio-psychological phenomenon "cynicism", to establish the factors that contribute to its occurrence and overcoming. The materials that have been used for research were the scientific articles for 2003–2021 published in scientific databases such as eLIBRARY.RU. and cyberleninka.ru, and the scientific works of the Russian writer and doctor V.V. Veresaev (1867–1945) and the Russian surgeon N.I. Pirogov (1810–1881). The study found that cynicism, which is a leading and socially significant problem of a doctor's professional activity, is an acquired undesirable personality characteristic. The authors systematized the factors influencing the development of cynicism, considered effective ways of its prevention and correction.

Bioethics journal. 2021;14(2):43-49
pages 43-49 views

MODERN ETHICAL PSYCHOLOGICAL COLLISION OF INFORMED VOLUNTARY CONSENT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF A PRIVATE DENTAL PATHOLOGY)

Kroman Y.O., Fomenko I.V., Delarue V.V.

Abstract

Abstract. The results of a survey of 129 parents whose children underwent surgery for ankyloglossia showed: 67.5 % of parents believed that dentists provided them with sufficient information about this medical service, but only 25.6 % of them gave informed voluntary consent exclusively independently, and 74.4 % – after consulting with other people and / or getting acquainted with other sources (among the latter, first of all, the Internet appeared, where thematically scandalous or alarmist information is often found). Accordingly, this ethical and psychological collision should be taken into account by doctors when implementing the practice of informed voluntary consent, and healthcare organizers should better conduct public events on topical medical problems of both federal and, especially, regional nature (with the participation of people representing the most various, up to diametrically opposed points of view on the problem under discussion).

Bioethics journal. 2021;14(2):50-52
pages 50-52 views

ETHICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF ATTITUDES TO VACCINATION IN THE YOUTH ENVIRONMENT OF RUSSIA

Donika A.D., Yagupov P.R., Klimke A., Yagupov R.P.

Abstract

Abstract. The prolonged COVID-19 pandemic on the background of a shortage of state resources in the healthcare sphere, caused a wave of pseudoscientific information in the Internet. The youth environment is particularly susceptible to such influence, communication in which has the character of information chaos. To assess the attitude to vaccination in the youth environment of Russia, a sociological study was conducted, N = 480, average age (20.8 ± 1.41). According to the data obtained, 36.71 % of respondents are categorically against personal vaccination. At the same time, only 65.71 % of students who gave a negative answer were able to explain their position. The obtained results demonstrate a tendency to the formation of a socially negative "fashion" among young people – "dissident-vaccines". It is shown that the fundamental difference is that the stigmatization of those who are

not vaccinated abroad can be provoked by inequality in access to vaccines, and not a protest manifestation of infodemia, as among young people of Russia. Because of this, the demand for socio-psychological support of vocational education is increasing, where in the conditions of the educational environment, sociological monitoring, moral and psychological correction seems to be the most realistic. In such conditions, the demand for humanitarian education in medical universities is increasing, which allow to focus on ethical norms and moral values of the profession within the educational process.

Bioethics journal. 2021;14(2):53-57
pages 53-57 views

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