Vol 7, No 2 (2014)

The problem of the theoretical and practical relationship between bioethics and personalized medicine is still conceptual was not considered. Fragmented approaches to this issue prevents the formation of an adequate understanding of the essence of personality, which makes the subject of this direction. To compensate for the shortcomings of this approach can, thanks bioethical reflection of a new direction in medicine. In this connection it is necessary to solve a number of theoretical problems, which are formulated in the article.

Solution of contemporary anthropoenvironmental global crisis depends on moral revival of humanity much more than previous global hardships of Earth population. To give the contemporary humanity a more adequate chance to overcome this regress it is necessary to substantiate and establish a new branch of bioethical science - political bioethics, as a new innovative bioethical dimension of existence and as a tool for implementation of the strategy of mankind survival. In the applicative way, political bioethics deals with pressure of policymakers on bioethical institutions and bioethical social consciousness, it also contributes to the amplification of influence of bioethical organizations, scientific and professional communities of civil society on social-political decisions. As a theoretical discipline, political bioethics is based on comprehensive theories, concepts, and categories related to political life in conditions of multidimensional global crises as well as the inevitability of the revision of moral norms and principles reduced to a common denominator - the necessity of protection and compliance of safety rights, and welfare of humans and their natural biological environment -biosphere. The article proves the need for substantiation of political bioethics in conditions of amplification of planet crises, for analysis of prerequisites of its uprising and formation.

The information about the history of establishment ethical and legal regulation for HIV/AIDS has been done. It is shown that for control of HIV/AIDS pandemic the special place should be faced to protect the human rights, to solve the conflict between individuals and society and to follow the universal principals of bioethics such as: solidarity, social responsibility and sharing of benefits in all arias of human activity. The legal and ethical regulations in the field of HIV/AIDS have presented on national, regional and global levels. It is mentioned that ddespite the progress in the field of diagnostic and treatment of HIV/AIDS was made, discrimination and sigma continued to be the main problem for access to essential medical care. This fact, once again shows the great role of education and creation the ethical response on HIV/AIDS pandemic. Report of the IBC UNESCO “On the Principle of Non-discrimination and Nonstigmatization" as set forth in Article 11 of the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights (UNESCO, 2005) has been presented in the frame of HIV/AIDS problems. The main discrimination and stigmatization risks and courses of reflection and action have been described. In the article has clarified the great value of the collaboration between authorities and society for achievement nondiscrimination and nonstigmatization, as important factor for successful surveillance and control of HIV/AIDS pandemic.

The article presents the author's analysis of the relevance of ethics committees at the international, federal and regional levels. The authors focus on the readiness of the professional medical community at the regional level to take into their daily practice of this social institution as ethics committees and the willingness of society to participate in the work of the Institute. The authors of the pilot study revealed the potential for changing the attitudes of the professional community to the composition of the Ethics Committee.

The article presents the results of testing and practical effectiveness of elements of the new strategy bioethical subordinate application objectives improving patient safety in surgery for two different models of clinical research. The examples of the introduction of technology rapid recovery after surgery for colon cancer and protocol differentiated escalation prevention of venous thromboembolic events has been positive clinical effects, as expressed in the significant decrease in frequency and severity of postoperative complications and mortality in the main comparison groups. Marked correlation between the effectiveness of the proposed surgical approaches and the formation of qualitatively different models of integrative interaction between participants of the treatment process, with the creation of new forms of interdisciplinary collaboration between health professionals and by enhancing the role of the patient.

The article considers the peculiarities of using case studies in obstetric-gynecologic practice. The authors clarify the meaning of the case method, discuss, analyze and evaluate adverse outcomes on the examples of real cases. With the rapid spread of new information technologies require the revision process of training. The ability to use this method in theory, helps to improve the quality of work and develop a responsibility for the life and health of patients obstetric-gynecologic practice.

A Round table on problems of inter-relations between health professionals and parents of children suffering from infectious diseases was held in the editorial staff of "Bioethics". It was mainly about inpatient treatment of such children and those conflicts that arise between physicians and parents in this situation. The Roundtable participants were almost unanimous in their assessments and proposed a series of measures for the prevention of conflicts between the medical staff and representatives of the child-patient. However, it was felt that a single ethical guidelines for such situations to develop not. Therefore, the decisive factor for overcoming contradictions with representatives of the child is the professionalism of the doctor, his moral training and legal knowledge.