Group behaviors characteristics of rhesus macaques at the age of two years old

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Аннотация

We analyzed the behavior of nine rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) aged 14–18 months, taken from different family groups and placed in new habitat conditions. We carried out daily two-hour observations of the group to assess the dynamics of the macaques’ exploration of new enclosure space and to register the aggressive, friendly and orienting-exploratory behavior of individuals, taking into account age and sex. The macaques explored of new enclosure space 1) from top to bottom; 2) from the periphery to the center; 3) from stationary elements to moving ones. An interaction between age factor and sex factor was revealed in the analysis of behavioral activity in macaques. Thus, older individuals of both sexes were more aggressive than the younger ones. This fact apparently, indicate the dependence of the emerging social status on the age of the individuals. But there were age differences in friendliness only among females: the elder females were more friendly than the younger ones. It is characteristic that the males were more aggressive than the females among the elder macaques, but the males showed more friendliness than the females among the younger individuals. The females showed more pronounced orienting-exploratory behavior compared to males among the younger macaques, but there were no sex differences among the elder macaques. In general, all three types of behavioral activity were represented equally in the elder males; friendliness and exploratory reactions dominated in the younger males and the elder females; exploratory behavior dominated in the younger females. The hypothesis is expressed about the critical range of 14–18 months in the ontogenesis of macaques, which is a sensitive period of maturation of their higher nervous activity. The results can be used to create a biological model of behavior in groups and improve the care of macaques in laboratory conditions.

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Авторлар туралы

T. Kuznetsova

Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Хат алмасуға жауапты Автор.
Email: golubevaiu@infran.ru
Ресей, St. Petersburg

I. Golubeva

Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: golubevaiu@infran.ru
Ресей, St. Petersburg

N. Meishvili

Kurchatov Complex of Medical Primatology

Email: golubevaiu@infran.ru
Ресей, Sochi

V. Chalyan

Kurchatov Complex of Medical Primatology

Email: golubevaiu@infran.ru
Ресей, Sochi

Әдебиет тізімі

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2. Fig. 1. Peculiarities of macaques’ exploration of a new enclosure. (a) – group stay in the upper tier immediately after being launched into a new enclosure; (b) – group placement on the shelves of the enclosure; (c) – transition to a large section of the enclosure with enrichment elements.

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3. Fig. 2. Dynamics of exploration of the enclosure space by macaques in the first and second months of their stay in new conditions. Designations: white segment of the graph – stationary elements of the enclosure, gray segment – ​​enrichment elements. Dotted line – use of elements in the first month of observations; solid black line – in the second month of observations. The axis shows the frequency of use (%) of the indicated elements of the enclosure on average for the group.

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4. Fig. 3. Analysis of group behavior of macaques in their second year of life. (a) – examples of recorded behavioral activity (aggressive, friendly, exploratory behavior); (b) – interaction of age and sex revealed during behavior analysis using MANOVA (Wilks’ lambda = 0.9; F3,129 = 4.4; p < 0.01). The ordinate axis shows the number of behavioral reactions (n); the abscissa axis shows two age groups (older group, younger group); the left graph shows males, the right graph shows females. Aggressive behavior is shown in red, friendly behavior is shown in green, and exploratory behavior is shown in blue. The data are presented as the arithmetic mean ± 95% confidence interval. Significant differences between the groups, revealed using Tukey’s post hoc test, are presented in Table 2.

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