Nº 3 (2025)

The article analyses conceptual approaches to economic theory presented in the discourse on the role of economic science in society and on the formats of economic education in Russia. An analysis of various points of view on the classical, neoclassical and heterodox paradigms in economic science is carried out from the standpoint of epistemology, ontology and axiology. The presented analysis contributes to the formation of a deeper and more comprehensive view of economic discourse and economic education in the 21^st century.

The article analyzes the trends in the formation and development of two opposing blocs: the Western bloc, whose technological leader is the United States, and the Non-Western bloc, where China stands out. It assesses the technological potential of both blocs, the political and economic consequences of technological fragmentation, and compares methodological approaches to understanding technological sovereignty, which is becoming a priority in the economic policies of many major actors in the global economy. It emphasizes the need to find new forms of technological cooperation that are necessary to solve both national development tasks and global problems of humanity.

The article presents the results of an assessment of the socio-economic development of the single-industry “satellite city” of the nuclear power plant Udomlya with single-industry towns similar in population size from the group with a stable socio-economic situation: a tourist town – Sol-Iletsk, another single-industry town Kotovsk and a textile town Furmanov. The assessment was carried out according to the developed comparative analysis model, which includes four blocks of indicators, reflecting the development of single-industry towns and the degree of impact of the city-forming enterprise on them. According to the results of the study, a significant impact of economic diversification on the position of a single-industry town was revealed (for example, Sol-Iletsk), and it was also determined that among cities with strategically important production (Udomlya and Kotovsk), it is the sphere of activity of the enterprise that plays an important role. In the studied Udomlya town, an increase in living standards was determined due to financial support from the Kalininskaya NPP, which is part of the state corporation Rosatom and the city-forming enterprise of Udomlya.

The article examines changes in state and market regulation of social and labor relations in modern Russia, their general focus on the growth of public spending. This indicates an increase in the interaction of state and market regulation. The need for measures to increase wages of workers in the field of technological innovation and personnel training, to increase pensions and improve social protection for the self-employed is substantiated.