Screening and post-screening of air pollution markers in mixed saliva of preschool children

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Abstract

Introduction. salivary diagnostics is a promising area that requires further research.

The aim of the study. The two-stage study is aimed at identifying reliable biochemical and immunological markers of the influence of atmospheric air pollution in saliva samples in preschool children.

Material and methods. Mixed saliva samples were taken from 112 children aged 5-7 years in 6 kindergartens located at distances of 1.7-5.9 km from the complex of agricultural processing enterprises. At the screening stage, the intensity of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (LC), levels of secretory IgA (sIgA), IL-8, uric acid, activities of α-amylase, and lysosomal enzyme N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) were determined in saliva samples; at the post-screening stage, IL-1b and IL-6 were added.

Results. In children at the screening stage only those markers that can be considered as indirect signs of phagocyte activation were associated with exposure levels to industrial zone emissions by significant equations: CL (y=6.98-0.17 x; p=7.2*10-9); IL-8 (y=776.2-83.2 x; p=3*10-4); NAG (y=13.94-0.93 x; p=0.037). To check whether this coincidence is random, we selected two additional markers in the form of functional “fork”: IL-1β (leukocyte pyrogen) and IL-6 (cofactor of B-lymphocyte differentiation). Methods of regression, correlation, and cluster analysis confirmed all 4 “phagocytic” markers significantly to increase along the gradient of industrial emissions and form a single cluster, cross-linked with significant correlation coefficients. IL-6 saliva content was associated with exposure levels by a rise-fall relationship, and, contrary to conventional beliefs, had no connection with sIgA content. The last finding may be related to the lack of ability of IL-6 and defensins to induce sIgA in mice [Boyaka et al., 2001].

Conclusion. The survey results suppose that emission gradient from the industrial zone contains PM and does not contain haptens or immunotoxic compounds. Post-screening can be a useful technique when using saliva samples as insufficiently studied objects.

About the authors

Ludmila V. Khripach

Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency

Author for correspondence.
Email: LKhripach@cspmz.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0170-3085

MD, Ph.D., DSci., head of the laboratory of biochemical and molecular genetics methods, Centre for Strategic Planning, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia.

e-mail: LKhripach@csp

Russian Federation

T. D. Knyazeva

Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5279-5018
Russian Federation

E. V. Zheleznyak

Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9339-9310
Russian Federation

A. K. Makovetskaya

Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4652-1755
Russian Federation

Z. I. Koganova

Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4622-8110
Russian Federation

O. V. Budarina

Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4319-7192
Russian Federation

Z. F. Sabirova

Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3505-8344
Russian Federation

F. I. Ingel

Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2262-6800
Russian Federation

N. N. Demina

Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8386-911X
Russian Federation

N. V. Lebedeva

Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6181-4628
Russian Federation

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Copyright (c) 2024 Khripach L.V., Knyazeva T.D., Zheleznyak E.V., Makovetskaya A.K., Koganova Z.I., Budarina O.V., Sabirova Z.F., Ingel F.I., Demina N.N., Lebedeva N.V.


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