35-year cycle in solar activity in 1000−1900

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We performed a Fourier and wavelet analysis of solar activity in the range between the period of the Hoyle magnetic cycle (~22 years) and the Gleisberg cycle (50-120 years) in 1000-1900. Two reconstructions of the number of sunspots from indirect data were used based on: a) the number of low-latitude auroras and b) the concentration of 14C in tree rings. Our analysis showed that in the spectra of both reconstructions, there is a pronounced stable variation with a period of ~30-40 years, which is present even during grand minimums/maxima. The source of this variation is the frequency modulation by the Suess cycle with a period of ~200 years, resulting in a three-frequency structure with carrier oscillation with a period of ~35 years and sideband periods of ~30 and ~40 years. Some difference in the obtained spectra of the two reconstructions may be due to the different contribution of closed and open magnetic fields in the restoration of solar activity from different indirect data.

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Sobre autores

N. Ptitsyna

Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, the Ionosphere, and Radio Wave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: nataliaptitsyna@yahoo.com

St. Petersburg Branch

Rússia, St. Petersburg

I. Demina

Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, the Ionosphere, and Radio Wave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: nataliaptitsyna@yahoo.com

St. Petersburg Branch

Rússia, St. Petersburg

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2. Fig. 1. Reconstructed solar activity series. (a) - by polar lights, row SN1, (b) - by 14C, row SN2; (c) - smoothed and normalized series: solid line shows row SN1, dashed line - row SN2. Vertical lines mark the grand minima.

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3. Fig. 2. Spectra of the analyzed time series before (a) and after filtering (b).

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4. Fig. 3. Wavelet spectrum of the time series SN1. Isolines - modulus of wavelet coefficients, circles - maxima of the 30-year component, rhombuses - maxima of the 40-year component.

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5. Fig. 4. Variation of the period of the 30-40-year components found from the wavelet spectrum of SN1 and predicted under the hypothesis of modulation by the long-wave signal. Circles denote the periods of the 30-year component, rhombuses denote the periods of the 40-year component, shaded - obtained from the wavelet spectrum, unshaded - predicted.

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6. Fig. 5. Wavelet spectrum of time series SN2. The notation is the same as for Fig. 3, asterisks indicate the highlighted period of the main oscillation with the period T = 35±1 year.

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7. Fig. 6. Variation of the period of 30- and 40-year components found from the wavelet spectrum of SN2 and predicted under the hypothesis of modulation by the long-wave signal. The notation is the same as in Fig. 4.

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8. Fig. 7. Comparison of the predicted branches of the 35-year main oscillation from the wavelet spectra of SN1 and SN2. Symbols denote the predicted periods of the 30-year branch of SN2, symbols denote the same 40-year branch, and symbols denote the same 30-year and -40-year branches of SN1.

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9. Fig. 8.Reciprocal correlation functions of the 40-year (a) and 30-year (b) spectral components in SN1 and SN2.The arrows indicate the maxima discussed in the text.

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