Time sequence of quasiperiodic geomagnetic disturbances during substorms

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Abstract

Based on the data from the 2D IMAGE network and magnetic stations located in Russia, a study was conducted of a sequence of quasi-periodic geomagnetic variations with an amplitude of up to 600 nT and a duration of ~20 min that arose in the post-midnight sector during a minor global magnetic storm. It was shown that geomagnetic variations arose against the background of substorms at the same corrected geomagnetic latitude Φ′ ~65° sequentially one after another and moved by ~20° in longitude to the east, with a new variation occurring when the previous one moved by ~10°. It was shown that the ionospheric source of these variations is a pair of Hall current eddies, each of which has an elliptical shape with a major axis in the north-south direction. The estimated size of the ionospheric source is ~940 km in the west-east direction (each Hall current vortex is ~470 km) and ~1000 km in the north-south direction. The centers of the ionospheric sources of these variations moved eastward at a speed of ~0.8 km/s. It is shown that each geomagnetic variation is accompanied by a burst of Pi1–2 geomagnetic pulsations. It is suggested that the observed geomagnetic variations are created by magnetic fields of ionospheric current systems of microsubstorms.

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About the authors

V. S. Ismagilov

Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation RAS, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: ivs@izmiran.spb.ru

St. Petersburg Branch

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

Yu. A. Kopytenko

Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation RAS, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: ivs@izmiran.spb.ru

St. Petersburg Branch

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Location of magnetic stations.

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3. Fig. 2. Dst- and AE-indices 04‒05.09.2012

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4. Fig. 3. Magnetograms of X-, Y- and Z-components of magnetic field disturbances at 5 stations located along the geomagnetic parallel ~64°. Bold lines – smoothed data.

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5. Fig. 4. Magnetograms of X-, Y- and Z-components of magnetic field disturbances on 04–05.09.2012 at 9 magnetic stations located from north to south along the geomagnetic meridian ~110°. Bold lines – smoothed data.

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6. Fig. 5. Keograms for three components of magnetic field variations in the time interval 00:00‒02:15 UT 05.09.2012. Left: geomagnetic longitude–time keogram, right: geomagnetic latitude–time keogram.

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7. Fig. 6. Instantaneous two-dimensional distributions of the amplitudes of variations of the X-, Y- and Z-components of the magnetic field in the time interval 00:40:00‒00:47:30 UT 05.09.2012. The data are filtered in the range of periods T = 800–1500 s.

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8. Fig. 7. Amplitude dynamic spectrum of variations of the Y-component of the magnetic field in the frequency range Pi1–2 (top) and magnetogram of the Y-component at station IVA. 23:00‒02:40 UT 04–05.09.2012.

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9. Fig. 8. Model of distribution of magnetic field components created by Hall currents on the Earth's surface. Small circles show areas of inflowing and outflowing longitudinal currents. Dotted lines mark elliptical areas occupied by eddy Hall currents.

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