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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Bioethics journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Bioethics journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Биоэтика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2070-1586</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-6589</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Volgograd State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">630116</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19163/2070-1586-2024-17-2-7-15</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Theoretical bioethics</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Теоретическая биоэтика</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Epistemological and ethical issues of evidence-based concept in medicine</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпистемологические и этические проблемы концепции доказательной медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5736-5698</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">18634465200</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">AAB-3149-2021</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5558-7440</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Komlev</surname><given-names>Alexey E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комлев</surname><given-names>Алексей Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cardiologist of the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-кардиолог отдела сердечно-сосудистой хирургии</p></bio><email>pentatonika@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center of cardiology named after acad. E.I. Chazov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр кардиологии имени академика Е.И. Чазова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-11-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-04-08"><day>08</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Komlev A.E.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Комлев А.Е.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Komlev A.E.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Комлев А.Е.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bioethicsjournal.ru/2070-1586/article/view/630116">https://bioethicsjournal.ru/2070-1586/article/view/630116</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Despite of active implementation of the concept of “evidence-based medicine” into all areas of medical education, clinical science and practical healthcare, the epistemological problems of this new scientific reality currently remain underdeveloped in the philosophy of science.</p> <p><bold>Aim</bold>:<bold> </bold>to identify the epistemological and ethical problems inherent in the evidence-based approach in medicine.</p> <p><bold>Methods</bold>: The epistemological and ethical aspects of the concept of evidence-based medicine were considered.</p> <p><bold>Results</bold>: At the current stage, evidence-based medicine reflects a transitional stage from the classical to the non-classical research paradigm. In this regard, the epistemological and ethical aspects of the concept of evidence-based medicine require further study and critical reflection.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions</bold>: The discourse of evidence adopted in medicine today is aimed at increasing the objectivity of medical knowledge from practical point of view. However, this approach is not without significant drawbacks, including the overestimation of statistical patterns at the expense of “individual clinical differences”, the implicit primacy of phenomenological settings over the theoretical layer in the postulated structure of the scientific program, the unjustifiably rapid doctrinalization of the approach and the stigmatization of its opponents.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Несмотря на активное внедрение концепции «доказательной медицины» во все сферы медицинского образования, клинической науки и практического здравоохранения, эпистемологические проблемы этой новой научной реальности в настоящее время крайне недостаточно разработаны в философии науки.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> работы – обозначить эпистемологические и этические проблемы, присущие доказательному подходу в медицине.</p> <p><bold>Методы</bold>. Рассмотрены эпистемологические и этические аспекты концепции доказательной медицины.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> На сегодняшнем этапе развития доказательная медицина отражает переходную стадию от классической к неклассической научно-исследовательской парадигме. В связи с этим эпистемологические и этические аспекты концепции доказательной медицины требуют дальнейшего изучения и критического осмысления.</p> <p><bold>Выводы.</bold> Дискурс доказательности, принятый сегодня в медицине, направлен на увеличение объективности медицинских знаний с точки зрения их практического использования. Однако данный подход не лишен существенных недостатков, в том числе ему присуща переоценка статистических закономерностей в ущерб «индивидуальным клиническим различиям», неявный примат феноменологических установок над теоретическим слоем в постулируемой структуре научной программы, неоправданно быстрая доктринализация подхода и стигматизация его оппонентов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>evidence-based medicine</kwd><kwd>personalised medicine</kwd><kwd>epistemology</kwd><kwd>paradigm</kwd><kwd>medical ethics</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>доказательная медицина</kwd><kwd>персонализированная медицина</kwd><kwd>эпистемология</kwd><kwd>парадигма</kwd><kwd>медицинская этика</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Foundations of evidence-based medicine. 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