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卷 63, 编号 1 (2023)
Articles
Quartz Devices and Magnetovariation Stations: The History of the Development and Application in Scientific Research (On the 95th Anniversary of V.N. Bobrov, a Legend of Quartz Magnetic Instrumentation from IZMIRAN) (A Review)
摘要
Abstract—IZMIRAN is currently the only organization in Russia that develops and manufactures high-precision
equipment based on quartz magnetic sensors for recording and studying geomagnetic variations. Magnetic
observatories and many observation points in Russia, as well as foreign observatories, are equipped with
these instruments. The history of the development of quartz magnetometric instrumentation at the institute
from the day of its foundation to the present day has been shown: from analog to modern digital instruments.
3-11
The Coexistence of Orthogonal Current Structures and the Development of Different-Type Weibel Instabilities in Adjacent Regions of a Plasma Transition Layer with a Hot Electron Flow
摘要
Abstract—By means of particle-in-cell numerical simulations, we find the possibility of the formation and
long-term coexistence of orthogonal current structures in adjacent layers of an inhomogeneous cold plasma
penetrated by a hot electron flow. The formationof these structures is shown to occur in a wide range of
parameters specifying collisionless expansion of high-energy electrons out of a dense plasma into a rarefied
plasma. These structures originate due to the development of Weibel instabilities of two different types that
are associated with qualitatively different anisotropic electron velocity distributions. Experiments with a laser
plasma produced in the course of target ablation by means of quasi-cylindrical focusing of a high-power femtosecond-
laser radiation beam are proposed in order to observe the predicted phenomenon
12-27
A Hydrodynamic Model of a Magnetized Jet Flow in the Magnetosphere
摘要
Abstract—A new hydrodynamic model of a quasi-stationary jet is presented. Approximation of the ideal
hydrodynamics of an incompressible fluid is found using an analytical solution, corresponding to a jet limited
in space, under conditions of compensation for the nonlinear effects of velocity and magnetic field in the
equation of motion. An axially symmetric low-parameter model of a stationary jet was created for the boundary
conditions typical for jets in astrophysics and in laboratory modeling experiments, which makes it possible
to describe the structure of the velocity field and magnetic field.
28-30
A Plasma Pressure Plateau in the Night Sector of the Earth’s Magnetosphere and Its Stability
摘要
In this paper, we consider the behavior of the radial distribution of the plasma pressure, magnetic
field, and plasma parameter in the night sector of the Earth’s magnetosphere at geocentric distances from 7
to 12 RE that are obtained using the THEMIS mission measurements. The results of measurements on the
THEMIS-D and THEMIS-A satellites on February 2009 when the satellites were near the equatorial plane
were analyzed. Time intervals are identified when the plasma pressure actually did not change with a change
in the distance from the Earth. It is shown that profiles with a pressure plateau can exist stably during the day
are destroyed during the period of disturbance and are restored after destruction. The role of the pressure plateau
in the formation of the structure of magnetospheric current systems is discussed
31-42
Development of Forbush Decreases Associated with Coronal Ejections from Active Regions and non-Active Regions
摘要
In this paper, we study the development of Forbush decreases associated with coronal mass ejections
from active regions accompanied by solar flares and filament eruptions from non-active regions using
the database of Forbush effects and interplanetary disturbances created at IZMIRAN. We compared the
development of two types of Forbush decreases during solar cycles 23–24, the maxima of these cycles, and
the minimum between them. Using statistical methods, we studied the distributions of time intervals from the
beginning of the Forbush decrease to registration: the minimum cosmic ray density, the maximum hourly
decrease in density, the maximum cosmic ray anisotropy, the maximum solar wind velocity, the maximum
strength of the interplanetary magnetic field, and the minimum of the Dst index. The difference in the development
of two types of Forbush decreases was compared when the interplanetary disturbance contains or
does not contain a magnetic cloud near the Earth. The results showed that flare-associated events develop
faster than filament-associated events, even at close values of the solar wind parameters. The difference in the
development of two types of Forbush decreases is more noticeable in the case of the presence of a magnetic
cloud near the Earth’s orbit. The largest difference between the time parameters in the two types of events is
observed for the time of registration of the maximum intensity of the interplanetary magnetic field. The main
phase of the two types of Forbush decreases is the same at the solar cycle 23 maximum and longer for filament-
associated events at the cycle 24 maximum and 23–24 minimum. Considering all time parameters, the
difference in the development of the two types of Forbush decreases is more noticeable at the maximum of
cycle 23 and at the minimum of cycle 23–24 than at the maximum of cycle 24
43-57
Co-rotating Solar Wind Disturbances in Radio Sounding Data and Local Measurements
摘要
In this paper, we present the results of two series of experiments on radio sounding of near-solar
plasma by the signals of the Mars Express and Venus Express spacecraft in 2006 and Mars Express in 2008.
The radio sounding data are compared with measurements of the proton concentration near the Earth’s orbit
on the Wind satellite. This analysis shows that the general nature of the temporal dynamics of disturbances
observed in two series of measurements is qualitatively similar. The sequence of amplifications of fluctuations
in the frequency and density of protons indicates that the observed disturbances are associated with co-rotating
regions of interaction of solar wind flows of various velocities
58-62
The Response of the Airglow of the Mesopause Region to Short-Term Changes in Solar Activity
摘要
The influence of the 27-day solar oscillation on the temperature and intensity of the airglow of the
mesopause region based on the hourly midnight observations of the О2А(0-1) and ОН(6-2) bands at the
Zvenigorod Scientific Station in 2000−2021 has been studied. It is found that the response to solar activity
changes is observed in all characteristics of the atmospheric emissions both by the yearly and seasonal data.
They are statistically significant for all characteristics of the atmospheric emissions in winter and only for the
О2А(0-1) intensity in summer. The positive response of the molecular oxygen emission is lower in the summer
than in the winter by approximately a factor of 2. It is found that the variations in the atmospheric emission
characteristics are close to antiphase with a 27-day solar oscillation. At the same time, the temperature
of the emitting hydroxyl in winter undergoes oscillations with a shift by a third of the period relative to the
solar variation maximum
63-72
The Possible Influence of Cosmic Rays on the Planetary Albedo of the Earth
摘要
The monthly average values of the planetary albedo at the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) and the average
albedo values of the hemispheres were obtained based on the results of measurements for the flux of shortwave
reflected solar radiation, carried out onboard the Meteor-M No. 2 satellite in 2014–2019. The globally
averaged albedo shows an increase over time, as evidenced by the presence of a statistically significant linear
trend. We show that this trend is not associated with a change in the average near-surface temperature of the
planet. It is possible that the increase in albedo is explained by an increase in cloudiness caused by an increase
in the flux of galactic cosmic rays during the decline of the solar activity cycle
73-79
Aeronomic and Dynamic Correction of the Global Model GTEC for Disturbed Conditions
摘要
An aeronomic and dynamic correction of the GTEC median global model of the total electron
content for disturbed conditions (Ap ≥ 15 nT) is proposed. The GTEC global median model is developed
for quiet conditions (Ap < 15 nT) as a function of the geographic coordinates, universal time UT, day of the
year, and solar activity level (the solar radio emission flux F10.7). The model is based on a spherical harmonic
analysis of the GIM-TEC Global Ionospheric Maps (1996–2019) provided by the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory (NASA). The proposed GDMTEC global dynamic model (Global Dynamic Model of TEC)
consists of the GTEC median model updated with several dynamic and aeronomic corrections related to
formation of the main ionospheric trough, position of the auroral ionization maximum and changes of the
thermospheric temperature and composition. The advantage of the proposed corrections of the median
model is the independence of forecast of the data in real time from assimilation of the current observational
data. Testing of the model for disturbed conditions shows an improvement of the forecast compared to the
IRI-Plas ionospheric reference model
80-93
The Electronic Kinetics of Molecular Nitrogen and Molecular Oxygen in the Earth’s Middle Atmosphere during the GLE Events of Solar Cycle 23
摘要
Based on models of the electronic kinetics of triplet and singlet states of molecular nitrogen and
singlet states of molecular oxygen for the Earth’s middle atmosphere, we calculated the intensity profiles of
the bands of the first and second positive N2 systems, the Lyman–Birge–Hopfield N2 bands, and the infrared
O2 bands in the case of precipitation of high-energy protons during the GLE65, GLE67, GLE69, and GLE70
events of solar cycle 23. Calculations have shown that almost over the entire interval of altitudes of 20–80 km,
there is a significant contribution from the processes of quenching some electronically excited states of N2
and O2 during molecular collisions. The kinetics of O2 singlet states at the altitudes of the middle atmosphere
during proton precipitation is considered taking into account both direct excitation by high-energy particles
and intermolecular processes of electron excitation transfer
94-103
Observation of the Solar Eclipse on June 10, 2021 on the Water Vapor Radiometer of the Institute of Applied Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences
摘要
The results of observations of the solar eclipse on June 10, 2021, which were carried out at the Svetloe
observatory (60.53° N, 29.78° E, Leningrad Province) for the first time using the water vapor radiometer
and radio telescopes RT-13 and RT-32 together are presented. The eclipse curves obtained at the radiometer
operating frequencies of 20.7 and 31.4 GHz were compared with the change in the area of the open part of the
Sun and show good agreement (match to an accuracy of 2% during the cloudless period). Assuming a uniform
distribution of radio brightness across the solar disk, the brightness temperature was estimated to be 9060 ± 380
and 8050 ± 300 K at these frequencies, respectively. It was concluded that even in the epoch of a deep minimum
of solar activity, the brightness of the solar disk in the microwave range remains unchanged (independent
of the cycle number)
104-111
The Spatio-Temporal Features of Pc1 Structured Geomagnetic Pulsations
摘要
The results of a study of the spatio-temporal features and interplanetary conditions for the excitation
of structured geomagnetic pulsations in the range Pc1 (“pearls”) are presented. For the analysis, we
used simultaneous dynamic spectra of ultra-low-frequency oscillations in the frequency range 0.2–5.0 Hz
obtained from digital data with high resolution of synchronous observations at two mid-latitude Borok observatories
(BOX, Φ' = 53.6°; Λ' = 114.4°; L = 2.8) and Mondy (MND, Φ' = 47°; Λ' = 174°; L = 2.1) for the
period from 1996 to 2001. During the analyzed period, 108 coherent series of “pearls” were selected at two
observatories. It was found that the series of Pc1 pulsations were observed at the Borok observatory in relation
to the Mondy observatory simultaneously (19% of cases), later (54% of cases), and earlier (27% of cases). It
is shown that the time intervals of the effects of later arrival and advance of the onset of pearls in BOX with
respect to MND were predominantly 10 and 20 min, respectively. Significant differences were found in the
diurnal variation in the number of cases of Pc1 pulsations and geophysical conditions under which the Pc1
series are excited simultaneously, or later or earlier to BOX in relation to MND. The detected effects of western
and eastern drift of the Pc1 series may be due to the position of the oscillation source relative to the plasmapause,
depending on the interplanetary conditions
112-124
Determination of the Position of the South Magnetic Pole According to the Data of the Russian around the World Expeditions: 1820 (Bellingshausen) and 2020 (Admiral Vladimirsky) Part 2. Expedition of the Admiral Vladimirsky
摘要
In 2019‒2020 The Russian Geographical Society organized a round-the-world expedition on the
oceanographic research vessel Admiral Vladimirsky. One of the goals of this expedition was to determine the
position of the South Magnetic Pole from experimental data. In the first part of this work, we solved the problem
posed on the basis of declination data obtained during the expeditions of Bellingshausen and Cook. In
the second part, the position of the South Magnetic Pole is determined from the data of component and magnitude
measurements obtained on board the Admiral Vladimirsky.
125-136