Modification of the ionosphere before the strong earthquake of january 13, 2007 with magnitude М = 8.1: An integrated approach

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A study was carried out of vertical sounding data collected by two ground-based vertical ionosondes Wakkanai and Kokubunji, situated within the preparation zone of an earthquake with a magnitude of M = 8.1, which occurred on January 13, 2007 at 04:23:21 UT east of Simushir Island and was the second of a sequence of two strong (M >8) earthquakes on November 15, 2006 and January 13, 2007, which were unique events in the seismic history of the Middle Kuril Islands. A comprehensive analysis of ionospheric data showed that 13-14 hours before this earthquake, specific anomalies in the E- and F-regions of the ionosphere were simultaneously observed over both ionospheric stations, which, with a high degree of probability, were its short-term ionospheric precursors. It is shown that additional consideration when analyzing ionospheric data of the behavior of the Barbier δ-parameter, constructed on their basis, significantly increases the correctness of identification of detected ionospheric earthquake precursors in complex situations.

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S. Pulinets

Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: pulse@rssi.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

V. Hegai

Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radio Wave Propagation

Email: hegai@izmiran.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow, Troitsk

А. Legenka

Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radio Wave Propagation

Email: hegai@izmiran.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow, Troitsk

L. Korsunova

Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radio Wave Propagation

Email: hegai@izmiran.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow, Troitsk

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2. Fig. 1. Geographical positions of the epicenter of the earthquake with M = 8.1 that occurred on January 13, 2007 (triangular star) and also of ionospheric stations Wakkanai and Kokubunji (black circles). The epicentral distances to the stations along the arc of the great circle are indicated near the corresponding arrows, and the radius of the RD ≈ 3000 km preparation zone is shown above the figure. Thick solid lines define the positions of plate boundaries in the lithospheric absorption region, and thin solid lines delineate the islands of the Japanese archipelago.

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3. Fig. 2.Variations (solid lines in all panels) of geophysical indices (a) - Kp; (b) - Bz-component of the interplanetary magnetic field; (c) - AE, and also hourly variations of values of current critical frequencies foF2cur at Kokubunji station (d) and Wakkanai station (e) on seven-day time interval from 7. 01.01.2007 to 13. 01.01.2007. The long vertical arrow (passing through panels d and e and crossing their abscissa axes) marks the moment of the earthquake, and blackened rectangles under it - intervals of local time from 18:00 to 6:00 LT.In panels d and e, the lines given by “dots” correspond to the median values for 13 geomagnetically quiet (Q) days of January (foF2medQ), when the Kp-index value did not exceed the value 2+ during the whole day, and the dashed lines define the interval foF2medQ ± 1.5IQR. The dark filled areas of excess of foF2cur over foF2medQ are marked with arrows as possible IPZs, and small rectangles of the same color near the abscissa axes correspond to the time intervals when the F-scattering and sporadic Es layer were observed synchronously at both stations.

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4. Fig. 3. Ionograms of Wakkanai station (upper panel) and Kokubunji station (lower panel) at 15 h UT 01.12.2007. The sporadic Es layer and F-scattering are observed at both stations.

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5. Fig. 4. Panel (a) shows the behavior of the δBarbier parameter during unlit hours.The horizontal line (dots) corresponds to the median values over the selected seven-day interval, and the dashed lines mark the levels of K± = (δBarbier)MED ± 1.5IQR. The dark fill in panel a marks the likely short-term IPZ of the earthquake 13-14 h before the shock. Panel b repeats panel e of Fig. 2 with the same labels.

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